
During my time in high school, at least, grizzled old English teachers loved to complain of my generation that we no longer knew how to “properly” communicate through the written word. Almost every student inevitably heard that complaint at some point every year, and it certainly grew tiring. However, as tired as the complaint was, I couldn’t help but agree with it, to a degree. A large part of the writing curriculum consisted of peer review sessions, which are certainly a good idea, but had the unfortunate side effect of exposing me to the horrors of student writing. The greatest sin, committed in nearly every paper I sifted through (and one that I have, admittedly, struggled with myself), was that none of them ever said anything. Each paper was an endless parade of the same trite, disgustingly vague nonsense that would, inevitably, be repeated ad infinitum, because they still received A’s. That is the cause of the downfall of composition - not, as too many English teachers would believe, because of the degradation of grammar or semantics, but because actual substance is vanishingly rare in student writing.
"Substance" is, of course, an impossibly broad term, and trying to nail down a certain definition would be a fool's errand. However, a few traits extended to nearly every paper I looked through that, I believe, show a distinct lack of substance. The first, and most important, is shallowness. Rather than just being confined to a few passages, this trait permeates the entire work. Very few essays ever delved into significant background detail on their topic or supported their argument to a substantial degree. As a result, I found it impossible to understand exactly where these arguments were coming from or why the authors thought they were valid, and I was left to wander each paper, lost and confused. Either this was the case, or the author completely built their work around the words of others, like the fictional Menard's exact duplication of the Quixote, making their works seem completely artificial and placing none of themselves into their papers. I will concede that devising a sound argument is an arduous task for nearly any essay (and one that kept me awake for many a long night of composition in high school), but practically every paper I reviewed gave the impression that it had been written the night before, and that the author simply had not put in the effort to make their paper anything more than a loose string of phrases and ideas, with practically no argument tying them together.
With very little sound reasoning behind their arguments, most authors instead tried to dress their essays up with a hearty dose of pretentious language. This actually seems to be the most obvious signifier for a lack of substance - finding a weak argument took some digging, but if the author threw in lots of them high-faultin' fancy words (whether they seemed to actually know how to use them or not), it usually followed that the essay itself was weak. Case in point: one spectacularly bad paper I peer-reviewed threw in the word "platitudinous" from absolutely out of nowhere, the author seemingly having only heard it from an episode of Spongebob Squarepants. In addition to adding useless big words, an alarming number of authors weighed their sentences down with words that were completely unnecessary to conveying the author's thoughts and served no other purpose than to give the semblance of being a fully fleshed-out paragraph. George Orwell laments both practices in "Politics and the English Language"; in the context of purely political language, he claims that such words "are used to dress up a simple statement and give an air of scientific impartiality to biased judgements." I believe the same complaint applies to student writing without issue - big words and long sentences are used to craft a mask of intelligence and authority, to manipulate the teacher into handing out a good grade.
Both of the previous traits went hand-in-hand with repetition. With such weak arguments to make up their essays, and since big words can only take up so much space, most authors filled in the rest of their papers by simply repeating the same themes in different language, adding nothing at all to their ideas in between uses. Absolutely nothing was being accomplished and the reader's time was thoroughly wasted, but hey, at least the paper met the length requirement. Repeating the same ideas over and over was likely meant to give the impression that certain themes tied each essay together; all that was actually accomplished was the pretense that meaning existed where it did not, as in Borges' proposed reading technique of "deliberate anachronism and fallacious attribution." These certainly seemed to be the point of each essay, to fool the reader into believing that they actually had substance.
How is it that the standards of student writing fall so flat? One possible answer is the same one that bitter English teachers like to assign to the decline of grammar and spelling - modern forms of communication like social networking. Not only are the standards of English lightened through these (amazingly prominent) forms of communication, but the standards of content as well. Satirical though the article may be, The Onion's "Nation Shudders at Large Block of Text" distressingly mirrors the attitude of too many students towards the standards of composition, as well as the ways of modern communication. Students are inundated with insipid, meaningless articles and Tweets every hour of the day, with a hundred more distractions lurking within each; when confronted with the fact that they will have to create their own blocks of uninterrupted text, how does one expect them to react? Rather than attempt to actually put substance behind their essays, students unsure of how to accomplish this instead resort to the above tricks in order to get it over with as quickly as possible.
In addition, the very nature of high school and high school English classes themselves appear to be some of the greatest culprits in causing this issue. As I have come to understand, high school is really all about getting its students out. Society needs you to get that degree, so high schools will do everything they can to hand you that diploma on time. The unfortunate side effect of this, of course, is that actual progress and learning are shoved aside in favor of pushing every student forward and catering to the lowest common denominator. So, students learn to game the system and end up doing the absolute minimum amount of work needed. In English classes, this means that a paper thrown together the night before it is due, using the trickery mentioned above, is perfectly acceptable for getting by. Obviously, there are the few students who will push themselves and stand out, but the bad habits of high school composition will (at least for some length of time) follow all others.
Now, this is certainly not a new problem - George Orwell himself was bemoaning the same problems in 1946 - but I would argue that the circumstances have shifted in such a way that the problem within student writing is a more pressing one. A much larger number of high school students are actually graduating and moving on to academia, but high school English has progressed to actually enforcing bad habits in composition - habits which these students will carry with them to college and possibly beyond. The result could very well end up being a world completely inherited by men and women who carry the same half-assed attitude they brought into composition with them into communication in the real world. The potential consequences of this world are beyond the scope of this essay, but I believe that a world where the standards of communication fall to meaningless Facebook and Twitter posts, and where academic writing is allowed to remain at high school level, could not be a world of effective communication. Students must push themselves, teachers must push them, and all must learn, as Orwell described it, the proper place for "verbal refuse -- [in] the dustbin, where it belongs."